What is the most common surgical procedure for treating obstructive sleep apnea?

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is indeed the most common surgical procedure performed to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This procedure involves the removal of excess tissue from the throat to widen the airway, which can include the uvula, part of the soft palate, and sometimes the tonsils. The goal is to eliminate the obstruction that contributes to airway collapse during sleep. UPPP can be particularly effective for individuals with specific anatomical features contributing to their sleep apnea, such as significant soft tissue in the throat.

In comparison, other surgical options, while valid, are less commonly performed. Genioglossus advancement focuses specifically on repositioning the tongue muscle attachment to prevent airway collapse, and it is often used as a supplementary procedure rather than a standalone solution. Maxillomandibular advancement involves more extensive jaw surgery and is typically reserved for more severe cases or specific anatomical issues. Tracheostomy, while effective in bypassing upper airway obstructions, is usually considered a last resort after other treatments have failed, primarily due to its invasiveness and potential complications.

Thus, UPPP remains the most frequently utilized surgical approach for OSA, making it the correct choice in this context.