What does a high amplitude burst in EEG usually indicate?

A high amplitude burst in an EEG (electroencephalogram) typically indicates possible seizure activity. When assessing EEG readings, bursts of high amplitude waves are often seen during seizures, particularly in specific patterns that deviate from the normal background brain activity. This characteristic spike in amplitude can signify an abnormal electrical discharge in the brain, which is a hallmark of seizure activity.

In contrast, sleep onset and deep sleep stages are generally associated with different EEG patterns, such as the presence of sleep spindles and mixed frequency waves. During deep sleep, the amplitude may increase but is usually consistent and rhythmic, rather than exhibiting sharp bursts typical of seizures. The awake state, on the other hand, is usually characterized by lower amplitude and faster frequency waves, such as beta waves, indicating active brain function. Therefore, the identification of high amplitude bursts as potential seizure activity aligns with established neurology and sleep medicine practices.